Disparity in Criminal Judgments and the Application of the Principles of Justice in Padangsidimpuan City: An Analysis of Islamic Criminal Law

Nindi Aliska Nasution* -  Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan, Indonesia

Abstract


This study is motivated by issues in criminal sentencing practices that reveal differences in court decisions in cases with relatively similar characteristics, raising questions about the consistency of applying the principle of justice within the criminal justice system. The research problems include the application of the principle of justice in criminal sentencing in Padangsidimpuan City, the analysis of Islamic criminal law regarding such implementation, and the factors influencing the realization of justice in criminal judgments. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the principle of justice in criminal court practice and assess its conformity with the values of Islamic criminal law. The method used is empirical legal research with normative juridical and sociological approaches. Data were obtained through literature study, analysis of legislation, court decisions, and empirical data related to criminal law enforcement practices in the field. The analysis is conducted qualitatively by examining the alignment between positive legal norms, judicial practice, and the value of justice from the perspective of Islamic criminal law. The findings show that normatively, the application of the principle of justice in Padangsidimpuan City has been guided by applicable positive legal provisions and sentencing principles. However, substantively, disparities in decisions are still found in similar cases due to differences in judges’ interpretations of justice, legal certainty, and legal benefit. This indicates that the implementation of justice is not yet fully uniform and is still influenced by judicial subjectivity. From the perspective of Islamic criminal law, justice is not only measured by conformity with positive law but also by public welfare (maṣlaḥah), protection of victims’ rights, the condition of the offender, and social balance. Influencing factors include regulations, integrity of law enforcement officers, socio-economic conditions, legal culture, and public legal awareness. Therefore, strengthening judicial integrity and integrating maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah values are necessary to ensure more consistent and equitable judgments.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24952/.v2i1.19847

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