Limitations of the Application of Ḥadd in Jarīmah: Textual Integration, Maqāṣid al-Syarī'ah, and Substantive Justice

Mar’ie Mahfudz Harahap* -  Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan, Indonesia

Abstract


This research is motivated by the tendency of understanding Islamic criminal law which often focuses on textual aspects in the application of the ḥadd punishment without paying proportionate attention to the limits of shari'i, the purpose of maqāṣid al-shari'ah, and the principle of substantive justice. In fact, in the construction of Islamic criminal law, the application of ḥadd in jarīmah is not absolute, but is limited by strict conditions such as the perfect fulfillment of the elements of delicacy, the certainty of proof, and the absence of syubhat. This study aims to analyze the limitations of the application of ḥadd in the perspective of the integration of normative texts, maqāṣid al-shari'ah, and substantive justice. The method used is normative legal research with a conceptual, philosophical, and comparative approach through the study of literature on the Qur'an, hadith, classical jurisprudence, and contemporary Islamic legal literature. The results of the study show that the application of ḥadd must be understood integratively between the text, the purpose of the sharia, and substantive justice, where the rule of idrā'ū al-ḥ udūd bi al-syubuhāt is an important instrument in limiting its implementation so as not to cause injustice. Thus, Islamic criminal law is not only oriented to the repressive aspect, but also to the protection of human rights, benefits, and proportionate justice.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24952/.v2i1.20335

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