Antara Hukum Islam dan Adat; Sistem Baru Pembagian Harta Warisan
Abstract
This paper focuses on answering the factors that cause the shift in Batak customary inheritance in Tapsel, how the form of Batak adat inheritance shifts in Tapsel, and how the role of Islamic law in the shifting Batak customary inheritance in Tapsel. To answer this, use descriptive-analytical field research using data collection techniques in the form of observations and interviews with traditional leaders, religious leaders, judges and the community who carry out the distribution of inheritance.
From this search, the authors found that the practice of inheritance in Tapsel society has shifted from adat inheritance caused by two factors, namely, First, the factor of Islamic law because Tapsel people have understood Islam well and run it in various fields of life including in the distribution of inheritance. Given that there are dozens of Islamic education institutions in Tapsel according to the author has given a pretty good understanding of Islamic law. So in general it can be said, that this change is a consequence of the Islamization process experienced by the Tapsel people. Second, is the factor of higher power or positive law because until now the community still believes that only the Religious Courts as a place to solve the problem of inheritance to obtain legal certainty.
The shift to adat inheritance occurs in several patterns. The first pattern is a total change from customary form to division according to faraid, this pattern occurs in areas that are fairly Islamic, namely the Mandailing Natal region, although of course there are some people who divide in a way that is not consistent in carrying out Islamic law. The second pattern is to carry out adat law, namely in communities that are relatively strict with adat, namely in the Padang Lawas and Sipirok regions, in this area many cases seem to have carried out faraid formally but the substance still reflects the spirit of adat law. The third pattern, namely the way of division which is a combination of Islamic law and customary law, which is a fairly moderate community in the Angkola region.
Islamic law has contributed by shifting the implementation of customary law to Islamic law. People who according to customary law do not receive inheritance become heirs who receive a certain portion. At first the mother did not count as an heir, then given a part 1/3 or 1/6. Istdri initially did not get any portion of the inheritance then received 1/4 or 1/8. Girls initially only have the status of olong ate, then receive a relatively large portion, which is 1/2 or 2/3.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Koentjaraningrat, Pengantar Ilmu Antropologi, cet. Ke-8, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 1990.
Parlindungan, L.S Diapari Patuan Naga Humala,, Perkembangan Adat Istiadat Masyarakat Suku Batak Tapanuli Selatan: Suatu Tinjauan, ttp: Tnp. tt.
Khairuddin, Sosiologi Keluarga, Yogyakarta: Liberty, 1997.
Harahap, Baginda Raja Harahap,. Poda-poda ni Adat Dalihan Natolu Kekeluargaan ni Tapanuli Selatan, Padangsidimpuan: Pustaka Rahmat, tt.
Gunawan, Hendra, Sistem Peradilan Islam, pada Jurnal Yurisprudentia; Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Ilmu Hukum IAIN Padangsidimpuan, Volume 5 Nomor 1 Edisi Januari-Juni 2019.
R. Soepomo, Bab-bab Tentang Hukum Adat, cet, Ke-13, Jakarta: PT. Pradnya Paramita, 1993.
Majalah Pengkajian Budaya Parmusa, (Parhorasan Nusantara), No.9/II/1997.
Tambunan, E.H.,. Sekelumit Mengenai Masyarakat Batak Toba dan Kebudayaannya Sebagai Sarana Pembangunan, Bandung: Tarsito, 1982.
Harahap, H.M.D.,. Adat Istiadat Tapanuli Selatan, Jakarta: Grafindo Utama, 1986.
Alam, CH. ST. Tinggibarani Perkasa dkk,. Burangir na Hombang, Padangsidimpuan: tn.p.1977.
Hamka, Islam dan Adat Minangkabau, cet. Ke-1, Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas, 1984.
Wawancara dengan Syamsul Kamal Siregar, Tokoh Agama di Padangsidimpuan, pada hari Sabtu, 26 Maret 2016.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24952/el-qonuniy.v5i2.2073
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Jurnal el-Qonuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Kesyari'ahan dan Pranata Sosial
![Creative Commons License](http://licensebuttons.net/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indexing Jurnal :