Family Practices and Media Exposure in Shaping Gender Identity Among Preschool Children in Padangsidimpuan

Dina Khairiah* -  UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan, Indonesia
Sarita Riski -  UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan, Finland

Abstract


Penelitian ini mengkaji interaksi antara praktik pengasuhan keluarga dan paparan media dalam membentuk identitas gender pada anak usia prasekolah di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan desain mixed methods konvergen pada 44 orang tua anak berusia tiga hingga enam tahun, penelitian ini menelaah bagaimana ekspektasi orang tua, pembagian tugas rumah tangga, serta strategi mediasi media secara kolektif berkontribusi pada pembentukan skema gender anak. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa praktik pengasuhan berada pada spektrum mulai dari egaliter hingga sangat tradisional, masing-masing memberikan isyarat berbeda mengenai peran dan perilaku yang dianggap sesuai bagi anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Media muncul sebagai agen yang ambivalen: animasi anak seringkali memperkaya kosa kata, pemahaman moral, dan nilai keagamaan, namun sekaligus memuat representasi stereotip dan model perilaku yang dapat diserap tanpa kritik apabila tidak diimbangi pendampingan orang tua. Mediasi aktif, yang ditandai dengan penjelasan, dialog reflektif, dan dukungan interpretative, terbukti paling efektif dalam memoderasi pengaruh media dan mendorong pembentukan konsep gender yang fleksibel dan sehat. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengasuhan responsif gender, pendampingan media yang konsisten, serta representasi yang berimbang dalam lingkungan belajar merupakan fondasi penting bagi perkembangan identitas gender non-stereotip pada masa kanak-kanak. Implikasi lebih luas mencakup perlunya program edukasi orang tua, pedoman literasi media, dan reformasi kurikulum PAUD yang berkeadilan gender.

Keywords


Kata kunci: identitas gender, anak prasekolah, pengasuhan keluarga, paparan media, mediasi orang tua, PAUD

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24952/alathfal.v6i1.21516

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