Teokrasi dan Musyawarah dalam Pemerintahan Nabi Muhammad Saw Mengenai Kajian Konstitusional atas Piagam Madinah

Alreza Revaldo Habib Habiby Tambunan (Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, Indonesia)
Farandi Wiryanata Putra (Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, Indonesia)
Abidin Latua (Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, Indonesia)

Abstract


The Islamic system of government has undergone significant development throughout the history of the Muslim community. Beginning with the leadership of Prophet Muhammad SAW, governance was based on divine revelation and the principles of justice and consultation. The period of the Khulafaur Rasyidin continued this legacy by emphasizing shura (consultation) and leadership equality. However, a notable shift occurred during the Umayyad Dynasty, which introduced hereditary monarchy, followed by the Abbasid Dynasty, which developed a more complex governmental bureaucracy. This study addresses the characteristics of Islamic governance in each period and how these transformations affected the core principles of Islamic rule. The research employs a descriptive-qualitative method with a historical-comparative approach, aiming to analyze the dynamics and transformation of government systems from the Prophet Muhammad's era to the Abbasid Dynasty. The findings reveal that although core Islamic values such as justice, consultation, and adherence to Sharia remained foundational, the exercise of power shifted from collective to monarchical structures. This study concludes that socio-political contexts greatly influenced the form and implementation of governance in Islamic history.

Keywords


Government System, Islamic Law, Khulafaur Rasyidin, Umayyad Dynasty, Abbasid Dynasty

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ainur Riska Amalia. “Sejarah Peradaban Islam : Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Pada Masa Pemerintahan Diinasti Bani Abbasiyah.” Rihlah: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan 10, no. 01 (2022): 53–64. https://doi.org/10.24252/rihlah.v10i01.38405.

Amirulkamar, Said, and Eka Januar. Politik Dan Pemerintahan Islam. Edited by Badri Hasan. Zahir Publishing. Edisi ke-1. Sleman, Yogyakarta: Zahir Publishing, 2021.

Anggarwal, Chanchal. “Penelitian Deskriptif vs Analitis: Memahami Perbedaannya.” Shiksha Online, 2025. https://www.shiksha.com/online-courses/articles/descriptive-vs-analytical-research-understanding-the-difference/.

Armaya Azmi, Azhari Akmal Tarigan, Dedi Mahruzani Nur Lubis, Dody Wijaya Hardi, Fajriawati, Faisal, Heri Firmansyah, et al. Politik Hukum Islam: Pergumulan Politik Dalam Legislasi Hukum Islam Di Indonesia. Edited by Armaya Azmi. Edisi ke-1. Medan: CV. Merdeka Kreasi Group, 2021.

Artrisdyanti, Revlina Octavia, and Vanya Karunia Mulia Putri. “Sampel Penelitian: Pengertian, Tujuan, Dan Cara Menentukannya.” Kompas.com, 2023. https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2023/05/12/090000569/sampel-penelitian--pengertian-tujuan-dan-cara-menentukannya?page=all.

Asri, Nurul, Azdiva Miftahur Rizkiyah, and Ellya Roza. “Refleksi Pendidikan Dinasti Abbasiyah.” Hamalatul Qur’an: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an 5, no. 2 (2024): 541–49.

Ayyubi, Ibnu Imam Al, Zairina Fauziah, Hasanah Arifah, Ratna Dewi Hartati, and Risman Herdiansyah. “Studi Komparatif Dinamika Kepemimpinan Khulafaur Rasyidin.” JAZIRAH: Jurnal Peradaban Dan Kebudayaan 5, no. 1 (2024): 73–92.

Fauzi, Irfan, Abdul Mukti, and Zaini Dahlan. “Pembangunan Pemerintahan Madinah Melalui Pemikiran Dan Usaha Intelektual Perspektif Peradaban Islam Masa Nabi Muhammad Saw.” GOVERNANCE: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Politik Lokal Dan Pembangunan 8, no. 2 (2021): 123–27. https://doi.org/10.56015/governance.v8i2.46.

Firmansyah, Windy Riyani, and Nyimas Lidya Putri. “Prinsip Syura Dalam Ketatanegaraan Indonesia.” Siyasah Jurnal Hukum Tatanegara 3, no. 1 (2023): 36–49. https://doi.org/10.32332/siyasah.v3i1.7209.

Fitriyadi, Muhammad. “Pada Masa Khalifah Umar Bin Khatab : Kemajuan Islam Sebagai Kekuatan Politik.” Hikamatzu Journal of Multidisiplin 1, no. 1 (2024): 121–28.

Ginanjar, Muhamad, Muhammad Fawwaz Zikrillah, and Muhammad Nabil Hibatullah. “Ayat-Ayat Terkait Lembaga Negara Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an.” JISMA: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Manajemen, Dan Akuntansi 2, no. 2 (2023): 975–84.

Hidayah, Vika Rahmatika. “Sistem Pendidikan Islam Dinasti Abbasiyah Pada Masa Khalifah Abu Ja’Far Al-Manshur (754-775 M).” Repository UIN SAIZU, 2023. https://repository.uinsaizu.ac.id/22432/1/Vika

Rahmatika Hidayah -SISTEM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DINASTI ABBASIYAH PADA MASA KHALIFAH ABU JA.pdf.

Ikrom, Muhammad, Muhammad Hirsu, Jihan Zahirah, Umar Al-faruq, Muhammad Saw, Umar Khattab, and Utsman Affan. “Peradaban Islam Di Masa Khulafaurrasyiddin.” Journal of Religion and Social Community 1, no. 2 (2024): 50–56.

Nugroho, Nur Abdul Kholik, and Mohammad Khusnul Hamdani. “Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Kepemimpinan Profetik Pada Masa Khulafaur Rasyidin.” Tajdid: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman Dan Kemanusiaan 5, no. 2 (2021): 139–49.

Nurtanti, Azizah, and Nuryuana Dwi Wulandari. “Masa the Golden Age Dan Kemunduran Dinasti Abbasiyah.” Jambura History and Culture Journal 5, no. 1 (2023): 70–81. https://doi.org/10.37905/jhcj.v5i2.20702.

Pujiati. “Sumber Data Penelitian: Jenis, Bentuk, Metode Pengumpulan.” Deep Publish, 2024. https://penerbitdeepublish.com/sumber-data-penelitian/.

Rahmi Pertiwi, Getar, and Devi Nirmayuni. “Tinjauan Kritis Peradaban Islam Pada Masa Bani Abbasiyah.” Jurnal QOSIM Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial & Humaniora 2, no. 1 (2024): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.61104/jq.v2i1.297.

Ramzar, Adelia, Muhammad Hidayat Harahap, and Tengku Najib Ahmad Kamil. “Pemikiran Politik Pada Masa Khulafaur Rasyidin.” Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Ilmu Nusantara 2, no. 2 (2025): 14–19.

Rudiansyah, R. “Analisis Pemikiran Politik Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo Tentang Negara Islam Indonesia.” Univesitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan, 2021. http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/15474/%0Ahttp://repository.uinsu.ac.id/15474/1/TESIS-RUDIANSYAH-NIM 3001193007.pdf.

Saputri, Fenolia Intan, and Moch Choirul Rizal. “Studi Pemikiran Ketatanegaraan Imam Al-Mawardi.” Verfassung: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara 1, no. 1 (2022): 15–32. https://doi.org/10.30762/vjhtn.v1i1.157.

Sari, Nadya Putri Permata, and Saadatul Maghfira. “Tinjauan Hukum Tata Negara Islam Terhadap Peran Pemerintah Dalam Menjaga Ketenteraman Dan Ketertiban Umum.” Jurnal Integrasi Ilmu Syari’ah 2, no. 1 (2021): 124–34. https://doi.org/10.31857/s013116462104007x.

Simbolon, Hanizar Meda, Arbanur Rasyid, and Muhammad Wandisyah R Hutagalung. “Negara Ideal Menurut Surah Al-Baqarah Ayat 126.” Jurnal El-Qanuniy: Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan Dan Pranata Sosial 7, no. 1 (2021): 11–24.

Suhernawati, Supardi Ritonga, Gusti Erlina, and Suswanto. “Pemikiran Pendidikan Masa Bani Umayyah Damaskus Dan Andalusia.” Santhet: Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan Dan Humaniora 9, no. 1 (2025): 31–42. https://doi.org/10.36526/js.v3i2.4855.

Yudistira, Erik, M. Eza Helyatha Begouvic, and Husni Tamrin. “Sistem Pemerintahan Dalam Masa Bani Umayyah.” Sol Justicia 5, no. 2 (2023): 176–81. https://doi.org/10.54816/sj.v5i2.573.

Zainuddin, H.M. “Islam Dan Demokrasi.” UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, 2013. https://uin-malang.ac.id/blog/post/read/131101/islam-dan-demokrasi.html.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24952/el-qanuniy.v11i1.15584

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Alreza Revaldo Habib Habiby Tambunan

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indexing Jurnal :

image hostimage host

image host