A Constitutional Analysis of Active-Duty TNI Personnel in Ministries and State Institutions under Law No. 3 of 2025

Agung Fakhruzy; Wardatul Laili

doi:10.24952/el-thawalib.v7i4.20850

A Constitutional Analysis of Active-Duty TNI Personnel in Ministries and State Institutions under Law No. 3 of 2025

Agung Fakhruzy* - UIN Madura, Indonesia

Wardatul Laili - UIN Madura, Indonesia

Abstract

The amendment to Law Number 34 of 2004 concerning the Indonesian National Armed Forces through Law Number 3 of 2025 has generated debate over the constitutionality of expanding the positions that may be held by active-duty TNI personnel in ministries and state institutions. This amendment warrants examination because it potentially affects the principles of the rule of law, constitutional democracy, civilian supremacy, and the professionalism of the TNI as a state instrument in the field of national defense. This study aims to analyze the compatibility of the legal regulation governing the involvement of active-duty TNI personnel in positions within ministries and state institutions with the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the principles of a democratic rule-of-law state. This study employs normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The primary legal materials consist of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 34 of 2004, Law Number 3 of 2025, and relevant decisions of the Constitutional Court. Secondary legal materials include books, scholarly journals, and legal doctrines, while tertiary legal materials consist of legal dictionaries. Legal materials were collected through documentary research by identifying, inventorying, and examining relevant legislation, judicial decisions, and academic literature. The legal materials were analyzed qualitatively through grammatical, systematic, and constitutional interpretation. The findings indicate that the amendment to Article 47 expands the scope of positions that may be occupied by active-duty TNI personnel from 10 to 14 ministries and state institutions. Although the provision remains limitative, the expansion potentially broadens the military's role in the civilian governmental sphere and creates tension with the principle of civilian supremacy and the spirit of the Reform Era. Therefore, strict constitutional interpretation is necessary to ensure that the implementation of the provision preserves the professionalism of the TNI and does not revive the practice of military dual function

Keywords

The Indonesian National Armed Forces, Civilian Posts, Civilian Supremacy

Full Text:

PDF

References

Al-adawiyah, Suif. “Dwifungsi Gaya Baru ? Penempatan Prajurit Aktif Di Jabatan Sipil Dalam Revisi UU TNI 2025 Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Demokrasi.” Pemuliaan Keadilan 2, no. 3 (2025): 1–18.

Argawati, Utami. “Prajurit TNI Yang Ingin Duduki Jabatan Sipil Tertentu Ikuti Sistem Meritokrasi.” Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.mkri.id/berita/prajurit-tni-yang-ingin-duduki-jabatan-sipil-tertentu-ikuti-sistem-meritokrasi-24714.

Bastari R, Sujono. “Analisis Pasal 10 , 11 , 12 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Terkait Kewenangan Presiden Selaku Kepala Negara Terhadap Tentara Nasional Indonesia.” J-CEKI : Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah 4, no. 4 (2025): 283–94.

Djuyandi, Yusa, Shanty Kartika Dewi, Luis Fiska Rahayu, and Mohd Sufiean Hassan. “Civil-Military Relations in Indonesia : Promoting a Professional Military Character from the New Order Era to the Reform Era.” Otoritas : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 15, no. 3 (2025): 510–26.

Gunawan, Aditya Batara. “Explaining Civilian Control of Militarisation in Indonesia : The Case of Military Law Amendment.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 28, no. 1 (2024): 35–54.

Hammam Izzuddin, Andi Adam Faturahman, Antara. “UU TNI Disahkan, Kejagung Bisa Proses Prajurit Di 14 Jabatan Sipil Yang Terjerat Pidana.” TEMPO. Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.tempo.co/politik/uu-tni-disahkan-kejagung-bisa-proses-prajurit-di-14-jabatan-sipil-yang-terjerat-pidana-1222466.

Handoko, Rais Firdaus Handoko dan Widhi. “Legal Certainty Dualism Of Civilian Positions Active Members Of The Indonesian Police.” Jurnal Hukum UNISSULA 42, no. 3 (2026): 553–71.

Jimly Asshiddiqie. Konstitusi Dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2021.

Kamil, Muhammad Adlan, A Salman Maggalatung, Feni Arifiani, Universitas Islam, Negeri Syarif, and Hidayatullah Jakarta. “Legalitas Anggota TNI Aktif Dalam Rangkap Jabatan Sipil : Studi Terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 34 Tahun 2004 Tentang Tentara Nasional.” JOURNAL OF LEGAL RESEARCH 4, no. 2 (2022): 287–308.

Kusuma, Febra Anjar, Dini Apriliani, Rezky Tania, and Susan Febriyanti. “Analisis Peran Konstitusi Dalam Sistem Hukum Tata Negara.” Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice 2, no. 2 (2024): 1–10.

Lumbantoruan, Saudara B.A. “Politik Hukum Undang Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2025 Tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia.” Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA) 4, no. 3 (2026): 1–18.

Melani Ema Gratsia, Supriyadi, Risky Febria Nurita, Moh Fahrial Amrullah, Raditya Feda Rifandhana. “Keabsahan Penempatan Anggota TNI Aktif Dalam Menduduki Jabatan Sipil.” Bhirawa Law Journal 4, no. 2 (2023).

Mukhlis, Muhammad Mutawalli, Ahmad Masum, Yusuf Ibrahim Arowosaiye, and Merdekawati Djafar. “Guardian Of The Constitution: Reviewing The Role Of The Constitutional Court.” Diponegoro Law Review 10, no. 2 (2025): 217–33. https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.10.2.2025.217-233.

Nabilla, Allivia, Eviana Siswanti, Nurrefa Azzahra, Ade Fartini, Universitas Islam Negeri, and Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin. “Juridical Analysis of Amendments to the Indonesian National Armed Forces Law and Civil-Military Balance.” Qaimuddin: Journal of Constitutional Law Review 6, no. 1 (2026): 14–27. https://doi.org/10.31332/qjclr.v6i1.13304.

Nurrohman, Edi. “Urgensi Supremasi Sipil Dalam Konteks Demokrasi Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan 50, no. 1 (2020).

Oktavianus, Afriman, Ricci Otto F Sinabutar, Achmad Bahrul Shafa, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sultan, and Ageng Tirtayasa. “Implikasi Perubahan Undang-Undang TNI Terhadap Struktur Ketatanegaraan Indonesia ‘ Sebuah Kajian Terhadap Pengaruh Dwi Fungsi ABRI ’ Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Yang Berdasarkan Pancasila Dan Undang-Undang Dasar.” Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora Volume. 5, no. 2 Juni 2025 (2025): 436–50.

Pohan, Khalifa Nur Khaliq, Kayla Azalia Putri Rosano, Nia Rafa Ayu, Natasya Chairul, and Jerry Indrawan. “Demokrasi Di Bawah Militerisme : Kritik Sosial Terhadap Implementasi Uu TNI Dan Implikasinya Bagi Keamanan Nasional.” Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice 3, no. 2 (2025): 1–15.

Pratama, Robbyanandri. “Implementasi Filsafat Ilmu Pertahanan Dalam Kebijakan Pertahanan Dan Penyelenggaraan Pertahanan Negara.” Jurnal Dwija Kusuma 12, no. 2 (2024): 88–92.

Rojas, Claudio Alvarado, and Luis Alejandro Silva Irarrázaval Trabajo. “Supremacía Constitucional y Derechos Sociales: ¿Hacia La Judicialización de La Política?” Revista Ius et Praxis, Universidad de Talca (Chili). 26, no. 2 (2020): 32–54.

Sajida, Sajida. “Social Sciences & Humanities Open The Expansion of Military Influence in Indonesia ’ s Governance : A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Analysis of Media Narratives.” Social Sciences & Humanities Open 13, no. December 2025 (2026): 102428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.102428.

Sari, Dwi Julica, Lili Sintia, Martinus Alexander Simanjuntak, and Ridho Kurniawan. “Perspektif Hukum Terhadap Ketidaksesuaian Prinsip Reformasi Dalam Undang-Undang ASN Terkait Pengisian Jabatan ASN Oleh TNI.” Judge : Jurnal Hukum 06, no. 02 (2025): 1–11.

Sri Hartati, Rubiyanto. “Implikasi Uji Materi Undang-Undang No 3 Tahun 2025 Terhadap Prinsip Pemisahan Kekuasaan Dan Wewenang Sipil Militer.” Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains 8, no. 10 (2025): 6511–19. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v8i10.8943.

Sudarto, Siti Zaynul Rahmawati. “Post-Reform Defense Sector Legal Policy: The Principle Of Civil Supremacy.” Jurnal Hukum UNISSULA 42, no. 1 (2026): 75–96.

Tarigan, Ridwan Syaidi. Konstitusi Dan Konstitusionalisme : Fondasi Hukum Dan Demokrasi Modern. Yogyakarta: CV Selfietera Indonesia, 2025.

Yabuki, Shinjiro. “Professionalism Of The Indonesian Armed Forces: New, Old, Or Hybrid Professionalism?” JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) 9, no. 2 (2024): 169–76.

Yani, Abdul, Deny Guntara, Yuniar Rahmatiar, and Margie Rahayu Fauziah. “Tinjauan Yuridis Pengesahan Undang - Undang ( UU ) Nomor 3 Tahun 2025 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang - Undang Nomor 34 Tahun 2004 Tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora Dan Politik (JIHHP) 6, no. 1 (2025): 648–55.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24952/el-thawalib.v7i4.20850