The Experience of Multiculturalism of Muslims as Minorities in India and Russia: A Literature Reviewr

Wahdeni Wahdeni* -  UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan, Indonesia
Harol Hamonangan -  UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan, Indonesia
Fauziah Nasution -  UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan, Indonesia
DOI : 10.24952/di.v13i1.15733

This study aims to examine and compare the experiences of Muslims as a minority in the context of multiculturalism in India and Russia. The method used is a qualitative study with a literature review approach to scientific journals, international organization reports, and official statistical data post-2020. The results of the study show that Muslims in India face challenges in the form of social discrimination, sectarian conflict, and political marginalization, while in Russia, the challenges are more related to securitization policies, institutional discrimination, and cultural nationalism. However, both countries also show efforts to maintain cultural diversity through inclusive policies, multicultural education, and the role of civil society organizations. This study provides insights for pluralistic countries in strengthening social cohesion based on multiculturalism.

 

Keywords : Multiculturalism; Muslim Minorities; India; Russia; Social Integration

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Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 Harol Hamonangan
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