Reinterpreting Pregnant Marriage Law in Indonesia: A Maqāṣid-Based Comparative Study of Madhhabs and the Compilation of Islamic Law

Muhammad Royhan Assaiq* -  Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Hanin Yumna -  Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Rizal Ali Mu'min -  Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Yogyakarta, Indonesia
The issue of pregnant marriage has been extensively examined from both classical Islamic jurisprudential and positive legal perspectives, a significant gap remains in harmonizing the diverse views of the four Sunni madhhabs with Article 53 of the Compilation of Islamic Law through a comprehensive maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah framework. This study aims to comparatively analyze the legal opinions of the Hanafi, Maliki, Shāfiʿī, and Hanbali schools regarding the marriage of women pregnant as a result of zina and to examine their harmonization with Article 53 of the KHI. Employing a qualitative approach, this research adopts a doctrinal legal analysis based on library research of classical fiqh literature, the Compilation of Islamic Law, and relevant scholarly sources. The data were analyzed using content, comparative, and interpretative approaches grounded in maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. The findings reveal that the differences among the four madhhabs reflect diverse methodologies of ijtihād in pursuing the objectives of Islamic law rather than substantive legal contradictions. Furthermore, Article 53 of the KHI represents a legal formulation that can be harmonized with classical fiqh through an approach oriented toward public welfare (maṣlaḥah). This study contributes to the existing literature by proposing a maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah-based harmonization framework that integrates the protection of lineage, human dignity, life, intellect, and family welfare as the foundation for reinterpreting the legal regulation of pregnant marriage within the context of Indonesian Islamic family law.

Keywords : Reinterpretation of the Law; Madhhab; Compilation of Islamic Law

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