Reconstruction of Child Custody Rights After Divorce Based on Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘Ah and the Best Interest of the Child

Hendri Kroniko; Efizal A; Ali Mustafa

doi:10.24952/el-thawalib.v7i1.18975

Reconstruction of Child Custody Rights After Divorce Based on Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘Ah and the Best Interest of the Child

Hendri Kroniko* - UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia

Efizal A - Institut Darul Qur'an Payakumbuh, Indonesia

Ali Mustafa - Institut IMSYA Indonesia, Indonesia

Abstract

Divorce has a significant impact on the fulfillment of children's rights and well-being, while custody decisions are often normative and do not take into account the child's best interests. Therefore, this study aims to reconstruct the concept of post-divorce child custody by integrating the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah and the principle of the best interest of the child. The research method employed is a qualitative normative approach with a maqasid sharia perspective, based on a literature study. Primary data sources include classical fiqh books and contemporary Islamic legal literature that discuss hadith. Secondary data sources include scientific books, national and international journal articles, previous research results, and laws and regulations related to child custody after divorce, such as the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and the Indonesian Marriage Law. Data were collected through documentation and analyzed using descriptive analytical techniques. Post-divorce child custody reconstruction needs to be built on the integration of the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah (the principles of Islamic law) and the principle of the best interest of the child as the primary basis for determining custody. This approach prioritizes the child's well-being, taking into account religious, psychological, emotional, educational, and social aspects. Thus, custody determination is not merely normative, but contextual and equitable. This is expected to result in more humane decisions oriented toward the child's protection and future.

Keywords

Child Custody, Maqashid Syariah, Best Interest Of The Child

Full Text:

PDF

References

Afendi, Muhammad, dan Imron Choeri. “Tinjauan KHI dan Hukum Islam Terhadap Putusan Hakim Tentang Batas Usia Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian.” Isti`dal : Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam 11, no. 1 (2024): 92–107. https://doi.org/10.34001/ijshi.v11i1.6296.

Al-Haitami, Ibnu Hajar. Tuhfatul Muhtaj Bi Syarh Al-Minhaj, Juz VI. Maktabah At-Tijariyah Al-Kubra, 1994.

Al-Kufi, Abu Hanifah bin Nu’man bin Tsabit Al-Taimi. Al-Jami’ Al-Kabir. Daar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 1982.

Al-Syarwānī, Abd al-Hamīd. Hawāsyī Al-Syarwānī Wa Ibn Qāsim Al-‘Ubādī ‘alā Tuhfat Al-Muhtāj. Darul Kutub Ilmiyah, 2012.

Arliman, Laurensius. “Perlindungan Anak Oleh Masyarakat Ditinjau Dari Mazhab Sejarah Di Dalam Penerapan Prinsip The Best Interest Of The Child Pada Kehidupan Anak Di Indonesia.” Era Hukum: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum 15, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.24912/era%20hukum.v15i1.668.

Arliman S, Laurensius. “Peran Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia Untuk Mewujudkan Perlindungan Anak.” Jurnal Hukum Respublica 17, no. 2 (2018).

Bagus Ary Darmawan, M. Reza Saputra, dan Jaenal Aripin. “Analisis Hak Asuh Anak Dalam Putusan Pengadilan Agama Lahat Nomor 685/Pdt.G/2022/PA.LT: Perspektif Maqâsid Al-Syarî’ah Muhammad Thâhir Ibn Âsyûr.” Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi 1, no. 4 (2024): 319–35. https://doi.org/10.62383/konsensus.v1i4.297.

Baidawi, Ahmad, dan Muhammad Zainuddin Sunarto. “Hak Asuh Anak Dalam Perspektif Khi Dan Madzhab Syafi’i.” HAKAM: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam dan Hukum Ekonomi Islam 4, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.33650/jhi.v4i1.1928.

Darwanta, Agus. “Penerapan Prinsip Terbaik Untuk Anak (The Best Interest Of The Child) Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Anak Di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak.” Reformasi Hukum 24, no. 1 (2020): 60–76. https://doi.org/10.46257/jrh.v24i1.83.

Essaura, Khairazka, Refki Saputra, dan Abdul Rochim. “Tinjauan Kaidah Tasharruf Al-Imam ‘Ala Ar-Ra’iyyah Manuthun Bi Al-Maslahah Dalam Penentuan Biaya Haji (Studi Analisis Keputusan Presiden Nomor 7 Tahun 2023).” Jurnal Inovasi Hukum dan Kebijakan 5, no. 4 (2024).

Faizzati, Savvy Dian. “Hak Asuh Anak (Hadhanah) bagi Ibu yang Menikah lagi Prespektif Maqashid Syari’ah.” Afkaruna: International Journal of Islamic Studies (AIJIS) 1, no. 2 (2024): 278–93. https://doi.org/10.38073/aijis.v1i2.2471.

Fakhri, Akhmad, Ratu Zahwa Sayyidina, dan Shahnaz el Jasmine. “Peran Ayah sebagai Orang Tua Tunggal dalam Mengasuh Anak: Perspektif Gender dalam Keluarga.” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Non Formal, no. 1 (2023).

Fauzan, Ach., dan Moh. Hamzah. “Pendekatan Holistik Dalam Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian: Perspektif Maqāṣid Syarī’ah Al-Tahir Ibnu Asyur.” al-Rasῑkh: Jurnal Hukum Islam 13, no. 1 (2024): 111–26. https://doi.org/10.38073/rasikh.v13i1.1747.

Harahap, Shoibatul Aslamiyah. “Pemenuhan Hak Asuh Anak Akibat Perceraian Orang Tua.” I’tiqadiah: Jurnal Hukum dan Ilmu-ilmu Kesyariahan 1, no. 3 (2024): 288–300. https://doi.org/10.63424/itiqadiah.v1i3.131.

Hidayat, Dian Rhamdan. Pemenuhan Hak Anak Pasca Perceraian Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Konvensi Hak Anak Dan Fiqh Hadhanah. Institut Agama Islam Negeri (Iain) Syekh Nurjati, 2022.

Hidayatul Ulya, Fawzia, Fashi Hatul Lisaniyah, dan Mu’amaroh Mu’amaroh. “Penguasaan Hak Asuh Anak di bawah Umur kepada Bapak.” The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law and Civil Law 2, no. 1 (2021): 101–17. https://doi.org/10.51675/jaksya.v2i1.176.

Ilyasa, Faisal Fauzan, Muhammad Nurfaizi Arya Rahardja, Akhmad Rudi Masrukhin, Mailinda Anis Zulaiha, dan Elan Sumarna. “Keutamaan Ibu dalam Hak Asuh Anak Perspektif Pendidikan: Analisis Hadits Tarbawi.” Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Agama dan Ilmu Pengetahuan 22, no. 1 (2025): 90–104. https://doi.org/10.25299/ajaip.2025.vol22(1).15850.

Ismail Busa, dan Muh. Arif. “Konsep Relasi Anak dan Orang Tua.” Early Childhood Islamic Education Journal 1, no. 1 (2020): 27–43. https://doi.org/10.58176/eciejournal.v1i1.21.

Istiyati, Siti, Rosmita Nuzuliana, dan Miftahush Shalihah. “Gambaran Peran Ayah dalam Pengasuhan.” Profesi (Profesional Islam) : Media Publikasi Penelitian 17, no. 2 (2020): 12–19. https://doi.org/10.26576/profesi.v17i2.22.

Kalra, Princess Preet Kaur, dan Mehak Mahapatra. “Critical Analysis of the Best Interest of Child Theory.” International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 4, no. 4 (2021).

Khair, Umul. “Pelaksanaan Hak Asuh Anak Setelah Terjadinya Perceraian.” JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum) 5, no. 2 (2020): 291. https://doi.org/10.33760/jch.v5i2.231.

Malibari, Zainuddin bin Abdul Aziz al-. Fathul-Mu’in Bi Syarhi Quratul-’Aini. Daar al-Ma’arif, 2001.

Manna, Nibras Syafriani, Shinta Doriza, dan Maya Oktaviani. “Cerai Gugat: Telaah Penyebab Perceraian Pada Keluarga di Indonesia.” JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI HUMANIORA 6, no. 1 (2021): 11. https://doi.org/10.36722/sh.v6i1.443.

Maryati, Maryati. “Dasar Pertimbangan Hakim Menetapkan Hak Asuh Anak Kepada Suami Selaku Pemohon pada Pengadilan Agama Jambi.” Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 3 (2021): 1299. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i3.1740.

Masyhadi, Ahmad, dan Muhammad Aly Mahmudi. “Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif Indonesia.” AL FARUQ : Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi 3, no. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.58518/al-faruq.v3i2.3011.

Maula, Azka Syifaul. “Kajian Normatif terhadap Relevansi Pasal 105 Kompilasi Hukum Islam dengan Prinsip Kepentingan Terbaik bagi Anak dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak.” Studia: Journal of Humanities and Education Studies 1, no. 2 (2025).

Mera, Nasaruddin, Marzuki, M.Taufan B, Sapruddin, dan Andi Intan Cahyani. “Child Custody Rights for Mothers of Different Religions: Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah Perspective on Islamic Family Law in Indonesia.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i3.23809.

Mumtaz Jr, Habib, Yahya Saepul Uyun, Encep Rifqi, Nurrohman Syarif, dan Usep Saepullah. “Analisa Penyelesaian Sengketa Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian Melalui Litigasi.” Jurnal Locus Penelitian dan Pengabdian 2, no. 7 (2023): 715–26. https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v2i7.1433.

Munawir, Ahmad Warson. Kamus Arab Indonesia. Pustaka Progresif, 1997.

Napitupulu, Brazilia Emanuel Rajamuda, dan Ni Made Ari Yuliartini Griadhi. “Pengaturan Hak Asuh Anak Pada Kasus Perceraian Akibat Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT).” Ethics and Law Journal: Business and Notary 2, no. 3 (2024): 156–63. https://doi.org/10.61292/eljbn.227.

Nashrullah, Yazid, dan Endah Hartati. “Pengaruh Prinsip Best Interest of Child Dalam Penentuan Hak Asuh Anak Pada Kasus Perceraian Menurut Hukum Perdata (Analisis Terhadap Putusan-Putusan Pengadilan).” Lex Patrimonium 2, no. 2 (2023).

Nasution, Adelina, Pagar Pagar, dan Asmuni Asmuni. “The Disparity Of Judge’s Verdict On Child Custody Decision In Aceh Sharia Court.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 6, no. 2 (2022): 890. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i2.12758.

Nurjanah, Siti. “Divorce and Its Impact on Custody of Minors Using Islamic Law Perspectives.” Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (2022): 119. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i1.4156.

Rivai, Muhammad Abu, Muhammad Yusriel Amien, dan Bayu Rizky Fachri Zain. “Penyelesaian Sengketa Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian Menurut Perspektif Gender, Hukum Islam, dan Hukum Positif Di Pengadilan Agama Jember Tahun 2023-2024.” Al-Usariyah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 3, no. 2 (2025): 193–218. https://doi.org/10.37397/al-usariyah.v3i2.833.

Rizani, Arfan, Ermanita Permatasari, Abd. Basit Misbachul Fitri, dan Sandi Ferdy Yulianto. “Rekonstruksi Konsep Hadanah dalam Fiqh Klasik dan Relevansinya Terhadap Kompilasi Hukum Islam.” Minhaj: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 6, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.52431/minhaj.v6i2.3934.

Rustiawan, Hafid dan Hasbullah. “Konteks Ayat Al-Qur’an dengan Pendidikan: Analisis Tafsir al-Qur’an Surah At-Tahrim Ayat 6.” Geneologi PAI: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 10, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.32678/geneologipai.v10i1.8418.

Safii, Nur Muhammad. “The Role of Islamic Family Law in Modern Child Custody Cases: Balancing Sharia Principles with Contemporary Needs.” Journal of Islamic Family Law 1, no. 1 (2025): 31–38. https://doi.org/10.59784/jifl.v1i1.5.

Setiawati, Lilis, Habib Ismail, Ahmad Muhklishin, Mufid Arsyad, dan Rakhmat. “Penguasaan Kakek pada Hak Asuh Anak di Bawah Umur dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah.” Jurnal At-Tahdzib 11, no. 2 (2023): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.61181/at-tahdzib.v11i2.312.

Subaini, Siti Iraini, dan Danil Putra Arisandy. “Rada’ah Perspektif Al-Qur’an Surat Al-Baqarah Ayat 233: (Sudut Pandang Ilmu Kesehatan).” Basha’ir: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.47498/bashair.v2i1.857.

Sunarto, Muhammad Zainuddin, dan Diah Uswatun Hasanah. “Analisis Penjatuhan Hak Hadhanah Pada Perempuan Dalam Tinjauan Maqashid As-Syari’ah Analysis Of The Imposition Of Hadhanah Rights On Women In The Review Of Maqashid As-Syari’ah.” Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. 6, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v6i2.823.

Syahrin, Muhammad Alfi, dan Akmal Abdul Munir. “Hak Asuh Anak (Hadhanah) Dalam Sistem Hukum Keluarga Indonesia Dan Aljazair.” Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum 3, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i3.1660.

Tarmizi, Yulia Pradiba, dan Karmila Usman. “Hak Asuh Anak (Hadhanah) Pasca Perceraian Serta Akibat Hukumnya.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Pengayoman 1, no. 1 (2023).

Triyono, Nur, dan Asmuni Asmuni. “The Implementing Joint Custody Post Divorce In Indonesia: A Philosophical Viewpoint.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar’iah 15, no. 2 (2023): 313–29. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v15i2.24370.

Wicaksana, Dika Hikmah, Resfa Klarita Trasaenda, Indira Yekti Widya Pramesti, Amanda Feby Sabrina, Gema Mutiara Insani, dan Ramadhani Dwi Aryanti. “Pertimbangan Hukum Dalam Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian.” Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) 2, no. 3 (2024). https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12179892.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24952/el-thawalib.v7i1.18975