Toward an Integrative Model of Islamic Religious Education For Adolescent Self-Protection: a Systematic Review of Madrasah Contexts

Arif Rahmat Triasa* -  Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Kharisma Sukabumi, Indonesia

Abstract


Adolescents in the digital era face increasingly complex moral, psychological, and digital risks, including cyberbullying, harmful online content, substance abuse, online gambling, and mental health problems, requiring self-protection capacities that extend beyond cognitive skills alone. Conventional educational approaches remain predominantly cognitive-behavioral and fragmented, often failing to address the holistic development needed to navigate these multidimensional challenges. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in madrasah contexts offers a promising alternative by integrating moral values, spiritual formation, and psychosocial development into character education. In this review, adolescent self-protection is understood as the capacity to anticipate, avoid, manage, and recover from moral, psychological, social, and digital risks through moral self-regulation, emotional resilience, digital-ethical literacy, adaptive coping, and protective decision-making. This study aims to synthesize existing evidence on PAI-based strategies for adolescent self-protection and to develop an integrative conceptual model. Using a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA 2020 framework, fifty peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2017 and 2025 were selected through predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed using thematic synthesis. The findings identify four interconnected dimensions of PAI-based self-protection: the internalization of Islamic moral values, transformative psycho-theological pedagogy, preventive and risk-responsive educational interventions, and ecological collaboration among schools, families, and communities. The review also highlights contextual factors and implementation barriers influencing these strategies. The study proposes an evidence-informed integrative model that positions Islamic Religious Education as a holistic and context-adaptive protective system for adolescent development in madrasah settings, while emphasizing the need for future empirical validation.

Keywords


Islamic Religious Education, Self-Protection, Madrasah, Integrative Model

Full Text:

PDF

References


Afroo, Fakhriyah Annisa, N. Nurjanah, dan Anisa Yudita. “Pendidikan Akhlak Islami sebagai Strategi Preventif Cyberbullying pada Remaja Muslim.” An-Nuha, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24036/annuha.v5i3.705.

Arif, Muhamad, Mohd Kasturi Nor Abd Aziz, dan Yuldashev Azim Abdurakhmonovich. “Trend Strategy to Prevent Bullying in Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren).” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, advance online publication, 2024. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i2.1087.

Astuti, Mirna, Nor Hapipah, dan S. Shaleh. “A Systematic Literature Review on the Formation of Global Diversity-Anti-Bullying Character in Madrasah Students.” Mitra PGMI: Jurnal Kependidikan MI, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46963/mpgmi.v11i1.1654.

Aulia, Fitri, Cantri Maesak, Hikma Nurfadilla, Yasmin Harahap, dan Asep Nursobah. “Analysis of Islamic Religious Education Teachers’ Strategies in Handling Self-Harm Cases.” Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15575/jis.v5i3.47780.

Bandura, Albert. “Social Cognitive Theory of Self-Regulation.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, no. 2 (1991): 248–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L.

Briggs, Freda. Developing Personal Safety Skills in Children with Disabilities. Kingsley, 1995.

Cahyani, Nabila Dwi, Rara Luthfiyah, Vanny Apriliyanti, dan M. Munawir. “Implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Penanaman Budaya Religius Untuk Meningkatkan Pembentukan Karakteristik Islami.” Mimbar Kampus: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam, advance online publication, 2023. https://doi.org/10.47467/mk.v23i1.5383.

Cai, Chenyi, Zhengyang Mei, Zirui Wang, dan Shi Luo. “School-Based Interventions for Resilience in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.” Frontiers in Psychiatry, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1594658.

Dray, J., J. Bowman, Elizabeth Campbell, dkk. “Systematic Review of Universal Resilience-Focused Interventions Targeting Child and Adolescent Mental Health in the School Setting.” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, advance online publication, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.07.780.

Elfattah, Hagar Yehia Abd. “Faith-Based Mental Health Promotion in Muslim Communities: The Role of Islamic Education and Spiritual Practices.” Sinergi International Journal of Islamic Studies, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v3i1.709.

Elfizar, Elfizar, Muji Mulia, Safriadi Safriadi, dan Realita Realita. “Building Students’ Moral Resilience Through Islamic Religious Education (PAI) As a Preventive Effort Against Online Gambling in Madrasah.” FITRAH: International Islamic Education Journal, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.22373/fitrah.v7i1.7971.

Erhamwilda, E., N. Afrianti, dan Fitroh Hayati. “Developing Children’s Self-Control Based on Islamic Values to Prevent the Negative Impacts of Digital Device Usage.” MIMBAR : Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan, advance online publication, 2024. https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v40i2.4925.

Erwina, Meifa Adinda, Martin Kustati, dan Nana Septriyanti. “Upaya Guru PAI dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Emosi dan Komunikasi Siswa di SMAN 11 Merangin.” Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i1.1408.

Estrada, C. A., M. F. T. Lomboy, E. Gregorio, dkk. “Religious Education Can Contribute to Adolescent Mental Health in School Settings.” International Journal of Mental Health Systems, advance online publication, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-019-0286-7.

Ginanjar, Taufik, dan Sugandi Mihajra. “Strengthening Teenagers’ Awareness About the Dangers of Drugs Through Islamic Counseling at Madrasah Aliyah.” Jurnal Bimbingan Penyuluhan Islam, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32332/56ceqj18.

Hafidz, H., Moh Dannur, dan Fauzan. “Strengthening Students’ Self-Control Through Islamic Religious Education Learning In Preventing Bullying.” Al-Riwayah : Jurnal Kependidikan, advance online publication, 2023. https://doi.org/10.47945/al-riwayah.v15i2.1245.

Harahap, Nurhalima Mutiara. “Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa.” Ahsani Taqwim: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Keguruan, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63424/ahsanitaqwim.v2i2.293.

Hernawati, Hernawati, dan Supala Supala. “The Impact of Al-Islam and Muhammadiyah Learning Framed by Religious Moderation on Adolescent Resilience.” EDURELIGIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.33650/edureligia.v9i1.11192.

Hidayati, Rahmah, Arifa Rahman, Zalik Nuryana, dan Yusutria Yusutria. “Character Education and the Rise of Mental Health in Muhammadiyah Boarding School.” International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), advance online publication, 2021. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i1.20889.

Hobbs, Renee. Digital and Media Literacy: A Plan of Action : A White Paper on the Digital and Media Literacy Recommendations of the Knight Commission on the Information Needs of Communities in a Democracy. Aspen Institute, 2010.

Ihsan, I., dan Ahmad Fatah. “Pancasila and Islamic Education: The Deradicalization Model of Madrasahs Based on Islamic Boarding Schools in Central Java.” QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), advance online publication, 2021. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v9i1.8941.

Indrayani, Triana, Sukri Palutturi, R. Amiruddin, dkk. “Effect of Educational Game Usage in Increasing Self-Protection Capabilities at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Alwahyu Jakarta.” Enfermeria Clinica, advance online publication, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.030.

Kadrida, Muhammad, Stai Rasyidiyah, Khalidiyah Rakha, Amuntai Kalimantan, Ramlan Thalib, dan Khairul Washfiah. “Strategi Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Penanganan Perilaku Resistensi Siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” Ahsani Taqwim: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Keguruan, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63424/ahsanitaqwim.v2i3.342.

Khoiriyah, Sarah Nur’aeni, Ivana Maulia Rahmah, Mohammad Sobirin, Zuhri Purwokerto, dan Pascasarjana Uin Saifuddin. “Pergaulan dan Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual pada Remaja Perspektif Ilmu Fiqih.” Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i03.28423.

Khotimah, Dewi Fitriah Khusnul, Mahasri Shobahiya, dan Hafidz Hafidz. “Islamic-Informed Self-Compassion as a Protective Mechanism against Negative Body Image: A Phenomenological Study of Female Adolescents in Islamic Schools.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2025.141.61-74.

Komalasari, Mala, dan Abu Bakar Yakubu. “Implementation of Student Character Formation Through Islamic Religious Education.” At-tadzkir: Islamic Education Journal, advance online publication, 2023. https://doi.org/10.59373/attadzkir.v2i1.16.

Llistosella, M., Blanca Goni-Fuste, Leandra Martín-Delgado, dkk. “Effectiveness of Resilience-Based Interventions in Schools for Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Frontiers in Psychology, advance online publication, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1211113.

Maharani, Rosytania Fitri, dan M. Wulandari. “Aplikasi Playstore Sex Education Islamic untuk Pencegahan Pelecehan Seksual Anak.” Griya Widya: Journal of Sexual and Reproductive Health, advance online publication, 2023. https://doi.org/10.53088/griyawidya.v3i1.1314.

Mahesa, E., S. Hidayat, dan Gusmaneli Gusmaneli. “Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa di Era Digital.” TSAQOFAH, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v5i4.6399.

Mahrudin, Amir, M. Ginanjar, Rahman Rahman, Irman Suherman, dan Novi Maryani. “The Role of Islamic Religious Education in Preventing Sexual Deviance among Urban Adolescents: A Qualitative Psycho-Religious Study Based on the Educational Ecosystem.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2025.141.91-103.

Masten, Ann S. Ordinary Magic: Resilience in Development. The Guilford press, 2014.

Mau, Fajli Aijat, Muhammad Riski Aditia, Kevin Dimitar, dan Luki Saputro. “Empowering Islamic Boarding School Students Through Self-Defense Training for Personal and Spiritual Resilience.” Societal Serve: Journal of Community Engagement and Services, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70063/societalserve.v2i1.100.

Nafsiyah, Faizatun, dan Khusnul Wardan. “Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Mencegah Radikalisme di Kalangan Remaja.” Al-Rabwah, advance online publication, 2024. https://doi.org/10.55799/jalr.v18i2.530.

Nastiti, Riski Amalia. “Strategi Pencegahan Pornografi dan Pornoaksi Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter Islam pada Remaja di Era Digital.” Jurnal Miftahul Ilmi: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59841/miftahulilmi.v2i2.101.

Ng, Wan. “Can We Teach Digital Natives Digital Literacy?” Computers & Education 59, no. 3 (2012): 1065–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.04.016.

Nuha, N., Nawwal Tattaqillah, Maher Zain Lillah, dkk. “The Existence of Education as a Rehabilitation, Preventive, Curative, and Moral Development Strategy in Madrasah.” Solo Universal Journal of Islamic Education and Multiculturalism, advance online publication, 2024. https://doi.org/10.61455/sujiem.v2i01.99.

Ogli, Mamatrayimov Jumanazar Mamatmurod. “Development of Socio-Psychological Protection Mechanisms to Reduce Adolescents’ Susceptibility to Religious Extremism.” Jurnal Psikologi, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.47134/pjp.v2i4.4636.

Othman, Basma Elsayed Mohamed, Shymaa Mahmoud Zedan Abdelhai, Mohammed Ibrahim Touni Ibrahim, Alaa Eldin Moustafa Hamed, Abeer Moustafa Barakat, dan Essam Eltantawy Elsayed. “Unravelling Cyberbullying among Egyptian Adolescents: The Protective Influence of Self-Control and Moral Identity with Gender and Socioeconomic Dynamics.” BMC Psychology, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02630-2.

Page, Matthew J., Joanne E. McKenzie, Patrick M. Bossuyt, dkk. “The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews.” Systematic Reviews 10, no. 1 (2021): 89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4.

Pame, Annie, Radhakrishnan Govindan, dan R. K. Madegowda. “Effectiveness of Adolescent Interactive Education Program on Knowledge About Child Sexual Abuse and Self-Protection Among Early Adolescent Girls from Selected Urban School of Bengaluru, Karnataka.” Indian Journal of Community Medicine, advance online publication, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_299_23.

Rafiq, M., dan Surawan Surawan. “Pendidikan Agama Islam sebagai Pendekatan Psikoedukatif dalam Menangani Isu Kesehatan Mental Remaja di SMA.” TSAQOFAH, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v5i4.6085.

Rahmasari, Riska, Riski Rahmasari, Farhah Desrianty Gimri, Annisa Fitri Dewianti, dan Wismanto Wismanto. “Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Islam dalam Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam.” Al-Tarbiyah : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, advance online publication, 2024. https://doi.org/10.59059/al-tarbiyah.v2i3.1148.

Rahmatika, Silna, Pendidikan Karakter, dan Perspektif Islam. “Mengatasi Self-Harm di Kalangan Remaja: Pendekatan Pendidikan Karakter dalam Perspektif Islam.” RISOMA : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan, advance online publication, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62383/risoma.v2i4.140.

Raikhan. “Pengembangan Kegiatan Kurikuler Sebagai Strategi Madrasah dalam Pencegahan dan Penanganan Bullying.” Darajat: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58518/darajat.v6i2.2047.

Reuters. Indonesia urges TikTok, Meta to act against harmful online content. 27 Agustus 2025. https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/indonesia-urges-tiktok-meta-act-against-harmful-online-content-2025-08-27/.

Rosmalina, A., Habib Elrahman, H. Handayani, dan Hazrul Affendi. “Islamic Mental Health Education for Adolescents in the Digital Era.” International Journal of Educational Qualitative Quantitative Research, advance online publication, 2023. https://doi.org/10.58418/ijeqqr.v2i1.39.

Rustandi, Feri, Asy’ari, Heru Nugraha, Aan Hasanah, Bambang Samsul, dan Article Info. “Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Islam sebagai Strategi Preventif Kenakalan Remaja.” Journal of Education and Social Culture, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58363/jesc.v1i1.14.

Sadhu, Ravi, Priyanka Suneja, Brinda Singh Raikwar, dkk. “Interventions for Promoting Resilience among Adolescents in South Asia: A Scoping Review.” Asian Journal of Psychiatry, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104727.

Safutra, Novrian Eka, S. Ramadhani, Donna Takrim, Lailatul Mukjizat, Indah Wigati, dan Fitri Oviyanti. “Peran Guru PAI melalui Pendekatan Emosional dalam Meningkatkan Rasa Percaya Diri Siswa di Kelas.” Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24815/jr.v8i4.50182.

Siregar, Hilda Darmaini, dan Zainal Efendi Hasibuan. “Pendidikan Agama Islam: Pengertian, Tujuan, Dasar, dan Fungsi.” Intellektika : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, advance online publication, 2024. https://doi.org/10.59841/intellektika.v2i5.1520.

Sukino, Sukino, dan S. Utami. Islamic Religious Education Models in Preventing Negative Behaviors of Youth and Adolescents. 2020. https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v6i02.3539.

Syafii, Hisyam. “Integration of Islamic Psychotherapy and Self-Disclosure Methods for Mitigating Adolescent Suicidal Ideation: A Madrasah Study.” Educational Insights, advance online publication, 2024. https://doi.org/10.58557/eduinsights.v2i2.88.

Syarnubi, Syarnubi, Firman Mansir, M. Purnomo, Kasinyo Harto, dan Akmal Hawi. “Implementing Character Education in Madrasah.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, advance online publication, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v7i1.8449.

Thomas, James, dan Angela Harden. “Methods for the Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Research in Systematic Reviews.” BMC Medical Research Methodology 8 (2008): 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45.

UNICEF. “More than a third of young people in 30 countries report being a victim of online bullying: UNICEF poll.” UNICEF, 4 September 2019. https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/more-third-young-people-30-countries-report-being-victim-online-bullying-unicef.

Valfini, Qinta Berliana, Made Saihu, dan M. Ulinnuha. “Prevention of Self-Harm in Adolescents from Broken Homes Through Ma’rifat Al-Nafs.” Tanzil: Jurnal Studi Al-Quran, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.20871/tjsq.v8i1.478.

Winda, Winda, dan Surawan Surawan. “Transformasi Pendidikan Islam dalam Mendorong Self-Regulated Learning Siswa Madrasah: Studi Empiris di MTs Mumtaz Palangka Raya.” ARZUSIN, advance online publication, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58578/arzusin.v5i3.6052.

World Health Organization. “Mental health of adolescents.” World Health Organization, 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health.

Zamzam, Muhammad, dan Winsidi Winsidi. “Psycho-Theological Learning Model to Improve Mental Resilience in Muslim Adolescents.” Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme, advance online publication, 2024. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v6i3.7639.

Zebua, Nur Ilman, Achyar Zein, dan E. Sahputra. “Strengthening Students’ Self-Control Through Islamic Religious Education Learning In Preventing Bullying.” Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme, advance online publication, 2022. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v4i1.1234.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24952/fahmina.v3i2.19735

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Arif Rahmat Triasa

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Index By

   

 

 

View My Stats

Editorial Office:

Pascasarjana UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan; Jl. T. Rizal Nurdin Km. 4,5 Sihitang 22733 Padangsidimpuan, North Sumatera, Indonesian.Phone: (+62) 634  22080  Faximili: (+62) 634 24022 email: fahmina@uinsyahada.ac.id

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.